Introduction: Cyclones are powerful weather events that have shaped our planet’s history and affected people’s lives. They are influenced by geographical factors such as warm ocean waters and atmospheric conditions. In this article, we will explore why and where cyclones form and discuss some notable cyclonic events in simpler terms for a better understanding.
Geographical Factors that Influence Cyclone Formation: Cyclones need specific conditions to develop and become stronger. Here are the main geographical factors that contribute to their formation:
a. Warm Ocean Waters: Cyclones thrive in warm ocean environments where the water temperature is above 27°C (81°F). The warm water provides energy for the storm to grow.
b. Coriolis Effect: The rotation of the Earth causes air masses to deflect, leading to the formation of cyclones. This effect helps organize the storm’s rotation.
c. Low Vertical Wind Shear: Cyclones require little change in wind speed and direction as you move up in the atmosphere. When wind shear is low, the storm can build vertically and become more powerful.
d. Moisture and Instability: Cyclones develop in moist and unstable air conditions. High moisture levels and unstable air create the right conditions for the formation of thunderstorms, which are the building blocks of cyclones.
Areas Prone to Cyclonic Activity:
a. Cyclone Asani: This cyclone struck the Arabian Sea near Oman in June 2022. The Arabian Sea, including the coasts of Oman, Yemen, and the western coast of India, is vulnerable to cyclones.
b. Cyclone Mandous: In October 2022, Cyclone Mandous hit the eastern coast of India. The Bay of Bengal, bordered by India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka, frequently experiences cyclonic activity due to warm sea surface temperatures and favorable atmospheric conditions.
c. Cyclones in Odisha: The eastern Indian state of Odisha is prone to cyclones. It faces the Bay of Bengal and has a history of devastating cyclones, such as the Super Cyclone of 1999, which caused extensive damage and loss of life.
d. Cyclones in Chennai: Located on the southeastern coast of India, Chennai often experiences cyclones due to its proximity to the Bay of Bengal. Notable cyclones that have affected the region include Cyclone Nivar in 2020 and Cyclone Vardah in 2016.
Notable Cyclonic Events:
a. “Bomb Cyclone” in California: In January 2018, an extraordinary “bomb cyclone” hit California, bringing heavy rain, strong winds, and severe flooding. This rare event occurred when the atmospheric pressure dropped rapidly, causing the storm to intensify explosively.
b. Post-Tropical Cyclone Ian: In September 2022, Post-Tropical Cyclone Ian formed in the North Atlantic Ocean. It started as a hurricane but transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone as it moved towards Europe. It brought heavy rain and strong winds to parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland.
c.Cyclone Biparjoy: A very severe cyclonic storm named Cyclone Biparjoy is predicted to make landfall near Jakhau Port in Gujarat’s Kutch district. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a “red message” for the Saurashtra and Kutch Coasts, indicating the severity of the situation. Sea conditions in the northeast Arabian Sea will remain disturbed, leading to the suspension of fishing operations and regulation of offshore activities, ports, and industrial activities. Central ministers and state chief ministers are actively reviewing preparedness for the cyclone. Trains in the western region have been affected, resulting in numerous cancellations and modifications. As a precautionary measure, over 74,000 people living near the coast have been relocated to temporary shelters, and disaster management units have been deployed for rescue and relief efforts. Heavy rains accompanied by strong winds are expected in parts of Saurashtra-Kutch, and north Gujarat districts, with the adjoining south Rajasthan region also likely to experience heavy rainfall.
Conclusion: Cyclones are powerful natural events influenced by geographical factors. Warm ocean waters, the Coriolis effect, low vertical wind shear, and atmospheric moisture all contribute to their formation and strength. Understanding these factors helps us comprehend why and where cyclones occur and underscores the incredible power of nature.
My message to people living affected districts of Gujarat & Pakistan – Sending our heartfelt wishes for your safety and well-being as the cyclone approaches. Stay strong and united during this challenging time. Follow the guidance of authorities, seek shelter, and stay informed. You are not alone. We believe in your resilience and recovery. Stay safe.
